When seen in their native habitat, antennas can be challenging to recognize due to the amount of objects in their immediate vicinity. The intent of this section is to deconstruct that complexity by showing the antennas in isolation.

ANTENNA TYPES - Click to enlarge
	AS-5104/SRC VHF/UHF antenna and atop is the AS-5014 antenna used with the AN/SRD501 DF set. Using RF couplers, up to 9 VHF/UHF signals could be broadcast simultaneously using the AS-5014. The only requirement was a 1% minimum separation ( ie 3 MHz)  between signals. Imagine the proliferation of whip antennas on the foremast if all the transmitters used a dedicated antenna! (Canadian Navy diagram)
	March 2007: This is an actual AS-5104 example as found on the destroyer FRASER. Click to enlarge. (Photo by Sandy McClearn).
	SRA-505. Used on DDE/DDH class ships to permit simultaneous transmission and reception of signals in the combined VHF/UHF range. Operating Frequency: 156 MHz to 173 MHz and 225 MHz to 400 MHz. Power Handling Capability, UHF - 2 kW average (l00% Modulation). Power Handling Capability, VHF - 100W average (100% Modulation). VSWR UHF: 2.0: 1 maximum. VSWR VHF (156 MHz to 170 MHz) - 2.0: 1 maximum. VSWR VHF (170 MHz to 173 MHz) -Lower sub-assembly 2.0:1 maximum                                                              Upper sub-assembly 3.0:1 maximum Isolation between Sub-assemblies - (UHF) 30 dB, (VHF) 20 dB minimum. Weight: 1,500 pounds. The two antenna sub-assemblies AS-5058/SRA-505 and AS-5059/SRA-505 use similar dipole arrays, each consisting of two 8-inch-diameter aluminum or brass tubes. A 3-1/2inch-diameter conduit passes through the centre of a fiberglas aluminum Radome mast, forming the primary support for the antenna. Both the upper and lower antenna sub-assemblies are vertically polarized and omnidirectional in the horizontal plane. Their gain varies with frequency from 4 dB in the VHF band to 6.5 dB at 400 MHz relative to an isotropic source. The Antenna Patching Panel SB-5l04/SRA-505 provides emergency RF patching facilities in the event of failure of the Antenna Assembly or Antenna Couplers. Transmitters and/or receivers are then connected to alternative antennas by changing co-axial U -link connections at the front of the panel. The power jack connects transceiver interlock circuitry with two indicator lamps on the patching Panel which provide visual indication of the operational status of the VHF /UHF transceivers.  The Antenna Coupler CU -5065/SRA-505 employs a series of tuned resonator bandpass filters which separate the UHF and VHF incoming signals received from one antenna subassembly, or pass an out -going UHF and/or VHF signal to a suitable antenna sub-assembly for transmission  (Canadian Navy drawing)
	This pictorial illustrates the placement of the transmitting (2 to 6 MHz) and receiving (2 to 32 MHz) wire fan antennas on a Restigouche class ship. Note that the wire "planes" are at right angles to each other in order to reduce any RF coupling/overload into the receiving antenna. Through the use of RF couplers, several HF transmitters  could feed one Tx fan antenna. (Sketch courtesy Canadian Navy)
	This is an example of a wire receive fan antenna as seen aboard FRASER in July 1998.  (Photo by Jerry Proc)
LF Antenna	A long wire antenna (possibly a flattop)  was used for LF reception only.
	AS-2283/SRN12. Used with the AN/SRN-12 Omega navigation receiver.  A break, mid-way up, indicates that the antenna is longer than shown. Antenna length is not known at this time. The Omega navigation system has been shut down since 1997. (Canadian Navy graphic)
	LF probe for use with AN/SRA-17 system. This pictorial shows the antenna tuner assembly with cover plate removed. In addition, the sketch has been oriented horizontally, much in the same way as it would be found in a ship. (Canadian Navy drawing)
	AN/BRA-34 antenna group for Oberon Class submarines.  (Graphic courtesy Tpub.com)

AS2815/SSR-1 satellite broadcast antenna. Four units needed. (Canadian Navy image)	AS 3018/WSC1 satellite communications antenna. Two units used with WSC-x radio system.  (Canadian Navy photo)
AS-1747/URN TACAN antenna atop a lattice mast. Used with AN/URN-20 TACAN. It could also be mounted on a pole mast (Photo by Jerry Proc)	AS3240/OE273 antenna used with AN/URN-25 TACAN. Sits atop the foremast. (Image courtesy ComNav Electronics)
AS-5042 URC/AT-150/SRC. UHF antenna 200-400 MHz. (USN photo)	AS_5041 URC/AT-390/SRC. UHF antenna 200-400 MHz. (USN photo)

	This diagram shows the placement of the WLR-1C countermeasure receiver antennas on the foremast of a 205 Class ship, Note the differences between the  Band 1-3 antennas on the port and starboard sides. Both are omnidirectional but the starboard antenna is vertically polarized while the port antenna is horizontally polarized. Click to enlarge. (Sketch courtesy Canadian Navy)
	Four of the WLR-1C antennas can be seen from FRASER's port side. (Photo by Ian MacCorquodale - Mac's Naval Photography)
	AS-5048 antenna for WLR-1C receiver. Bands 1-3, (50 to 320 MHz). Starboard side. As found on FRASER, March 2007. (Photo by Sandy McClearn)
	AS-5049 antenna for WLR-1C receiver. Bands 1-3 (50 to 320 MHz). Starboard side. As found on FRASER, March 2007. (Photo by Sandy McClearn)
	AS-5043 antenna for WLR-1C receiver. Bands 4 to 5 (300 to 1100 MHz). Starboard side, pedestal mount. As found on FRASER, March 2007. (Photo by Sandy McClearn)
	AS-5050 antenna for WLR-1C receiver. Bands 4 to 8 ( 300 to 7375 MHz) . Starboard side. As found on FRASER, March 2007. (Photo by Sandy McClearn)
	AS-899 antenna for WLR-1C receiver. Bands 6 to 9 (1010 to 10750 MHz). Port side, pedestal mount. As found on FRASER, March 2007. (Photo by Sandy McClearn)

To assist in intercept, Canada also used an extra Band 9 tuner called the AN/SLR-503. This was fitted to IRE and 280 Class vessels.

	AS-5034  antenna for WLR-1C receiver.  Found on a 257-class training aid drawing. This may have been the predecessor to the AS-5043. (Canadian Navy drawing)
	AS-5045 antenna for WLR-1C receiver.  Found on  a 257-class training aid drawing.  This may have been the predecessor to the AS-5050 antenna. In at least the 257 class, the AS-5045 and AS-5050 antennas were fitted simultaneously.  (Canadian Navy drawing)

Jezebel antenna (port and starboard sides) for the reception of sonobuoy transmissions in the range of 162.250 to 173.50 MHz.  Line of site range up to approximately 15 nm on a "good day".  These antennas were connected to a pair of  AN/ARR-52 FM sonobuoy receivers. The Canadian Navy was the first navy to try this on a ship platform in addition to air (Argus/Aurora aircraft).  It was fitted on all steamers, 280s, and CPFs, although the latter has more capability now. (Photo by Sandy McClearn)

This might be an antenna for a met rig. Can anyone confirm? Contact: jerry.proc@sympatico.ca  (Photo by Sandy McClearn)

SHIPS ANTENNA FITTINGS
Click on thumbnail to enlarge. All photos courtesy Canadian Navy. The quality of the original source material doesn't lend itself to scanning however every effort has been made to optimize the images for best quality. In many cases the antenna is too small to be seen so its placement must be imagined wherever the arrows are pointing to. The pendant in parenthesis is the actual ship of the class indicated. The document from which these images are derived is dated 1985.
	ANNAPOLIS
	Annapolis class (DDH266) looking aft.
	Annapolis Class (DDH266) starboard view. Some of the fan antennas or wire antennas in the succeeding photos are not visible since wire is difficult to photograph at a distance.
	Annapolis class (DDH266) looking forward.
	IRE
	Improved Restigouche class (DDE258) looking aft.
	Improved Restigouche class (DDE258) starboard view.
	Improved Restigouche class (DDE258) looking forward.
	IROQUOIS
	Iroquois class (DDH280) looking aft. The two spheres are part of the ships Fire Control and not the radio system. Inside the spheres is the radar antenna portion of the WM22 fire control system from HSA (Hollandse Signaalapparaten) in Hengelo, Netherlands.  They worked in conjunction with the Sea Sparrow missiles and the 127mm gun.  For the missiles, they provided both tracking and CW illumination. One nice feature is that the starboard system could control a missile from the port launcher and vice versa, This gave very good  flexibility in missile usage.
	Iroquois class (DDH280) port view.
	Iroquois class (DDH280) looking forward.
	Iroquois class (DDH280) 03 deck.
	MACKENZIE
	Mackenzie class (DD263) looking aft.
	Mackenzie class (DD263) starboard view aft.
	Mackenzie class (DD263) looking forward.
	AOR Class
	HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509) port view 1.
	HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509) port view 2.
	HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509) starboard view.
	HMCS Provider (AOR 508) starboard view.
	HMCS Provider (AOR 508) port view.
	HMCS Provider (AOR 508) view of mast..
	ST. LAURENT
	St. Laurent class (DDH 207) looking aft.
	St. Laurent class (DDH 207) starboard view.
	St. Laurent class (DDH 207) looking forward.

This photo captures the WSC-1 antennas aboard HMCS Iroquois and at least one of wire fan antennas on the starboard side. (Photo by Len Carriere)

Note the whip antenna arrangement aboard HMCS Margaree as seen in 1969. Click to enlarge.  (Photo via Sandy McClearn)

HMCS Gatineau was fitted with a discone antenna which is situated in the centre-left of the photo. Gatineau appears to be the only Restigouche class ship fitted with this type of antenna but it was removed during her DELEX refit. It is believed that both Gatineau and Fraser  were fitted with a different ESM for a far-east mission. Can anyone provide more data? What is the frequency range and purpose of this antenna? Contact: jerry.proc@sympatico.ca. (Part of a Naval Museum of Alberta photo)

Taken in 1967 from Gatineau's quarterdeck, here is another view of the discone antenna. It just happens to be superimposed over the main mast. Mounted on a rotor, is a Channel 2 to 13 TV antenna which can be seen on the aft port yardarm. It was erected when the ship was in harbour and taken down prior to the ship departing for sea. (Photo by Ronald J. MacDonald)

Taken in June 1966,  the discone antenna can also be seen atop the helicoter hanger on HMCS St. Laurent (205). The St. Laurent was  also fitted with a test Variable Depth Sonar (VDS) prior to her conversion as a DDH.   (Photo by David Hill )

TELEVISION RECEPTION ABOARD HMC SHIPS

Jim Dean, VE3IQ. adds this comment regarding shipboard television reception during the time he served.

"The navy fitted all ships with a Ship's Radio Entertainment (SRE) system that provided news nd music while ships were at sea. However, as TV grew, many ships elected to use their ship's fund or some such money source  to purchase TVs. I know that we did that when I was in HMCS Skeena 1963/64. The TV was very popular in harbour, particularly with the duty watch, but a rotatable antenna was needed because the location of the transmitters had to be located in each port. I don't think an A&A or SHIPALT was ever raised for a TV system. I suspect that the TV, antenna, and distribution system were all adhoc in Skeena. We had TVs as part of the formal entertainment suite in the IROQUOIS class (1972), although I think that the TVs were provided by NPF".

Jim goes on to explain the acronyms used in the comment above:

A&A = Alteration and Addition
CANAVMOD (Canadian Naval Modification)
NPF = Non Public Funds
SHIPALTt = Ship Alteration

The navy has a process to control the configuration of a ship and of a class of ships (which should all be the same). Whenever a new piece of equipment is to be installed in a ship, the engineering work and installation drawings are developed and when approval is given for the installation, the timing and availability of the equipment and the ship are important factors. Usually the installations are made during a refit or a scheduled work period. The formal documentation when I joined the navy in 1955 was called an A&A. Each A&A had a number so staff could check whether a given ship had it. For some reason, which I do not know, the term A&A was changed to SHIPALT, sometime in the 1960's, I believe.

SHIPALT was essentially a change to fitted equipment that impacted its surroundings as opposed to an internal  modification (CANAVMOD)  to said equipment.

Any officer who has served in a ship in a technical capacity can tell you of horror scenarios when a team arrived to install equipment under an approved SHIPALT, only to find that the space designated was occupied by some unauthorized hardware. Many is the engineer whose impatient captain said "I want this and this where I want it installed, right now". The operators may have had good reason for wanting the equipment to be installed in a certain spot but they sure circumvented the system. It was always this way, and I suspect that it still might be. .

Non Public Funds are exactly that. The money does not come from the Crown, but just the same, the navy requires that all monies in a ship or base are managed, audited and accounted for. Typically in a ship, the main NPF fund would be the Ship's Fund which provides amenities for the ship's company at the discretion of a Ship's Fund Committee. Much of the Ship's Fund comes from the profits of a the ship's canteen.

---

Contributors and Credits:

1) RCN's AOR/TRBL/ISL/265/IRE/MACK Class Equipment Handout. September 1985.
2) Tom Brent <tgb(at)telus.net>
3) RCN's N.E. Tech TQ6B Common Equipment Manual
4) Pat Barnhouse  <pat.barnhouse(at)sympatico.ca>
5) Alexander "Sandy" McClearn  <smcclearn(at)ns.sympatico.ca>
6) Mac's Naval Photography   http://macsnavylinks.ca
7) Mike Aris (CPO1 Sonarman, ret 1989) <beejm2(at)yahoo.ca>
8) Ronald J. MacDonald <ronald.macdonald(at)cogeco.ca>
(9) Jim Dean VE3IQ,  <jgdean(at)sympatico.ca>
10) Timothy Taylor <quappelle264(at)gmail.com>]

Jan 20/15